Mu 1939, zaka zinayi pambuyo pa kupangidwa kwa nayiloni ndi Wallace Carothers, nayiloni inagwiritsidwa ntchito ku masitonkeni a silika kwa nthawi yoyamba monga chinthu chatsopano, chomwe chinafunidwa ndi anyamata ndi atsikana osawerengeka ndipo chinatchuka padziko lonse lapansi.
Ichi ndi chochitika chodziwika bwino pomwe makampani amakono a polymer chemistry adayamba kuchita bwino.Kuyambira masitonkeni a silika kupita ku zovala, zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku, kulongedza katundu, zipangizo zapakhomo, magalimoto, ndege ... nayiloni yakhudza kwambiri ndikusintha moyo wa munthu.
Masiku ano, dzikoli likukumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu komwe sikunaonekepo m’zaka 100 zapitazi.Kukangana kwa Russia ndi Ukraine, vuto la mphamvu, kutentha kwa nyengo, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ... M'nkhaniyi, zipangizo za bio-based zalowa mumphepo ya mbiri yakale.
* Zipangizo zozikidwa pazamoyo zinayambitsa chitukuko chotukuka
Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe zochokera ku petroleum, zida za bio-based zimachokera ku nzimbe, chimanga, udzu, mbewu, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zili ndi ubwino wa zipangizo zongowonjezedwanso komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya wa carbon.Iwo sangangothandiza anthu kuchepetsa kudalira kwawo kwa mafuta a petroleum, komanso amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pothetsa vuto la mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.
Kupindula kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe kumatanthauza phindu lalikulu lachuma.Bungwe la OECD likulosera kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, 25% ya mankhwala opangidwa ndi organic ndi 20% ya mafuta oyaka mafuta adzalowetsedwa m'malo ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi bio-based, ndipo mtengo wa bio-economic wozikidwa pa zowonjezera zowonjezera udzafika ku madola thililiyoni imodzi.Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi bio zakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zotentha kwambiri pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi zamakampani komanso luso laukadaulo.
Ku China, potsatira cholinga cha "double carbon", "ndondomeko yazaka zitatu yopititsa patsogolo luso ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zopanda tirigu" yoperekedwa ndi mautumiki asanu ndi limodzi ndi makomiti kumayambiriro kwa chaka idzalimbikitsanso. kupititsa patsogolo ndi kupititsa patsogolo malonda a bio-based materials.Titha kulosera kuti zida zapakhomo zokhazikitsidwa ndi bio zidzabweretsanso chitukuko chokwanira.
* Zida za nayiloni zochokera ku bio zimasanduka chitsanzo cha chitukuko cha zinthu zochokera ku bio
Kupindula ndi chidwi cha dziko njira mlingo, komanso ubwino angapo ya zopangira mtengo, kukula msika, ndi wathunthu mafakitale dongosolo thandizo, China poyamba anakhazikitsa chitsanzo cha mafakitale asidi polylactic ndi polyamide, ndi chitukuko mofulumira zosiyanasiyana. za bio-based materials.
Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, mu 2021, mphamvu yaku China yopanga zinthu zotengera zamoyo idzafika matani 11 miliyoni (kupatula mafuta ophatikizika), zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 31% yapadziko lonse lapansi, zotulutsa matani 7 miliyoni komanso mtengo wopitilira. 150 biliyoni yuan.
Mwa iwo, magwiridwe antchito a zida za bio-nylon ndizabwino kwambiri.Pansi pa "double carbon" yapadziko lonse lapansi, mabizinesi angapo otsogola apakhomo atsogola pakukonza gawo la bio-nayiloni, ndipo apanga zopambana pakufufuza zaukadaulo ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu.
Mwachitsanzo, m'munda wa ma CD, ogulitsa m'nyumba apanga filimu ya biaxial yotambasula ya polyamide (20% ~ 40%), ndikudutsa certification ya TUV ya nyenyezi imodzi, kukhala imodzi mwamabizinesi ochepa padziko lapansi ndiukadaulo uwu. .
Kuphatikiza apo, China ndi amodzi mwa omwe amapanga nzimbe komanso chimanga padziko lonse lapansi.Sizovuta kupeza kuti kuchokera pakupanga zinthu zopangira mbewu kupita kuukadaulo wopangidwa ndi nayiloni wopangidwa ndi nayiloni kupita kuukadaulo wotambasulira filimu ya nayiloni, China yapanga mwakachetechete unyolo wamafakitale wa nayiloni wokhala ndi moyo wampikisano padziko lonse lapansi.
Akatswiri ena adanena kuti ndi kutulutsidwa kosalekeza kwa mafakitale a nayiloni opangidwa ndi bio, kutchuka kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndi nkhani ya nthawi.Titha kunena kuti mabizinesi omwe ayambitsa masanjidwe ndi R&D kuyika ndalama zamakampani opanga nayiloni pasadakhale azitsogola pakusintha kwamakampani padziko lonse lapansi ndi mpikisano, komanso zinthu zochokera pazachilengedwe zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi bio-based. Zida za nayiloni zidzakweranso pamlingo wina, ndikuwonjezereka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mitundu yazinthu ndi kukula kwa mafakitale, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi chitukuko kupita ku ntchito ya mafakitale.